Text & data

import re, json
text = 'Euler 1707, Gauss 1777, Riemann 1826, Noether 1882'
people = {name: int(year) for name, year in re.findall(r'(\w+) (\d{4})', text)}
print(json.dumps(people, indent=2))

{
  "Euler": 1707,
  "Gauss": 1777,
  "Riemann": 1826,
  "Noether": 1882
}

from collections import Counter
Counter('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'.replace(' ', '')).most_common(5)

[('o', 4), ('e', 3), ('t', 2), ('h', 2), ('u', 2)]

words = 'sagebrush grows in the high desert'.split()
sorted(words, key=lambda w: (-len(w), w))

['sagebrush', 'desert', 'grows', 'high', 'the', 'in']